POLLUTED WATER → CLEAN WATER

There are 3 steps to recycle the water.

STEP 1:MICRO-FILTRATION/ULTRA-FILTRATION 
                                Removing the Larger Contaminants 

  Water coming into the NEWater Plant has already been processed by the Water Reclamation Plant to a quality suitable for safe discharge to the sea.It would otherwise discharged into the sea.
  The membrane is made up of many strands of fine fibres. Each fibre is hollow in the middle.Like a drinking straw.The walls of the fibre contain millions of tiny pores.
  After the first step, the water is just through a primary purification, significantly not enough to drink.

STEP 2:REVERSE OSMOSIS
                      Filtering the Finer Contaminants

  Water flows in many parallel streams through hundreds of Reverse Osmosis pressure tubes after the Microfiltration/Ultrafiltration process.Clean water is discharged from a center pipe and collected from each pressure tube.
  In the Reverse Osmosis process, water molecules pass through the membrane, but larger molecules do not.The effective size of a single pore in a Reverse Osmosis membrane is about 0.0004 microns.
After the second step, the water purified is already clean enough for people to drink, but what makes it exceptionally pure is the third step. 

STEP 3: ULTRAVIOLET DISINFECTION
                     A Safety Back-up

  The UV lamps are set at approximately 800℃.The part that touches the water is about 60℃.In this process, ultraviolet light is used to inactivate all organisms.It is done as an additional safety barrier, even though the water obtained at this stage is already very clean.
  After this, some chemicals are added to restore the pH balance of the water.The end product, NEWater, is ultra-clean and piped to industries for use. A small amount is also pumped back into our reservoirs.

 All this machine work for 24h automatically, but there are still a few engineer watching in front of the CCTV camera.They can make sure all machines are working properly.To make sure the water is clean enough, they will change the filter in a few years.                                                                                                                                 


By Shan Jingxuan

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